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Arrow

Calculate steady-state pressure drop and flow distribution in gas and steam systems

Design, size, and optimize compressible gas and steam networks. Balance flows, reduce power, and verify performance.

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Accurate Compressible Modeling

Predict pressures, temperatures, velocities, and Mach flows (subsonic through choked) across pipes/ducts, fittings, valves, and heat transfer for designs you can defend.

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Energy Optimization

Evaluate fans/blowers/compressors with curve-based models, compare damper vs. speed control, and quantify power to meet delivery targets at minimum energy.

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Visualization & Reporting

Diagnose issues with color-mapped results, ΔP/energy breakdowns, and choke flags, then export configurable reports and Excel data for fast, defensible reviews.

Compressible flow solver & heat transfer

Model gas and steam networks with accurate compressible-flow physics.

  • Subsonic to choked flow through pipes, ducts, fittings, valves, orifices, and nozzles
  • Tracks pressure, temperature, density, velocity, Mach number, and Reynolds number
  • Measure heat transfer along pipes/ducts and across equipment with temperature-dependent properties
  • Real-gas property support and user-defined fluids for specialty applications
Compressible flow solver & heat transfer

Fans, blowers, & compressors

Evaluate equipment performance and operating strategies across system states.

  • Curve-based modeling with variable speed, control points, and staging (series/parallel)
  • Predict delivered flow, head/pressure rise, power draw, and operating efficiency
  • Compare operating scenarios (e.g., damper vs. speed control) to reduce energy use
  • Identify operating limits, such as the approach to choke or insufficient head/pressure rise
Fans, blowers, & compressors

Valves, regulators, & relief devices

Size and analyze control and safety components in compressible systems.

  • Time or condition-based control valve actions; characterize Cv/K vs. opening
  • Choked-flow evaluation through valves, orifices, and restrictions
  • Pressure-regulating and back-pressure devices for stable setpoint control
  • Relief device capacity checks and setpoint trade-offs under multiple scenarios
Valves, regulators, & relief devices

Workflow, reporting, & integration

Build, compare, and share models efficiently across teams.

  • The Scenario Manager tracks alternatives in one file for easy comparison. 
  • Import/export Excel data for model data and results or to configure reports and graphs
  • Import piping/duct layouts from PCF, CAESAR II® Neutral files, EPANET, and GIS shapefiles
  • Design alerts for allowable pressures/velocities and color-mapped result visualization
Workflow, reporting, & integration

Network balancing & distribution

Balance flows and pressures across branching gas/steam networks to meet equipment and process setpoints.

  • Tune dampers, orifices, and regulators to hit target flow/pressure in each branch
  • Assess parallel-path interactions and recirculation; verify minimum delivery at users
  • Compare damper vs. speed control strategies for distribution and energy impact
  • Identify bottlenecks with ΔP breakdowns, color-mapped results, and sensitivity checks
Network balancing & distribution

Goal seek & control (GSC module)

Automatically adjust inputs to meet engineering goals and constraints.

  • Solve for fan speed, damper position, regulator setpoints, or nozzle area to hit flow/pressure/velocity/temperature/Mach targets
  • Link multiple controllers with priorities, bounds, and constraints to avoid infeasible solutions
  • Find solutions that meet multiple system requirements by analyzing multi-variable conditions of equipment
  • Prototype control strategies without manual iteration
Goal seek & control (GSC module)

Extended time simulation (XTS module)

Simulate time-dependent behavior in compressible networks.

  • Model startup/shutdown, purge/pressurization, and blowdown with scheduled events and ramps
  • Track time histories for pressure, flow, temperature, and Mach; animate network response
  • Sequence equipment staging (fans/compressors) and control actions over time
  • Check operating limits under transients and evaluate recovery to steady targets
Extended time simulation (XTS module)

Automated network sizing (ANS module)

Optimize pipe/duct sizes and equipment selections to meet constraints at minimum cost or power.

  • Constrain flow, pressure, velocity, Mach, and ΔP at critical nodes and branches
  • Minimize capital cost, weight, or operating power using configurable cost models
  • Pick from standard size catalogs or continuous diameters with constructability rules
  • Output a sized bill of materials and compare alternatives with Scenario Manager
Automated network sizing (ANS module)
Emissions Energy Reduction
Orbital
25–30% power reduction
Wastewater Aeration Upgrade Avoids Blower Surge
Brown Caldwell Waste Water
$200k–$600k cost savings
Gas Distribution Expansion
PanAfrican Energy
+15 MW capacity confirmed
Digester Gas Expansion
Brown Caldwell
Validated Pressure Safety Margin

Questions?

We have answers! Here are some of the most common questions we hear from engineers and companies evaluating Arrow. Topics include sonic choking, liquid vs. gas applications, real-gas effects, model size limits, turbine and relief valve modeling, loss calculations, and gas mixtures.
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Does Arrow handle sonic choking?

Yes, Arrow accurately models sonic choking at all three geometric conditions in compressible networks.

Can Arrow be used to model liquid systems?

No—Arrow is for gas/steam systems; it’s built on a gas equation of state. It can, however, model incompressible gas flow found in vents and many HVAC applications.

How does Arrow account for real-gas effects and heat transfer?

Real-gas behavior is handled via a compressibility factor from an equation of state or property database, and heat transfer is modeled along pipes/ducts, across heat exchangers, and in compressors/fans with energy balances at junctions.

What is the practical limit to model size?

Arrow supports up to 10,000 pipes and 10,000 junctions; before that, RAM typically becomes the constraint, roughly 32 × (branches + tees)² bytes are needed (e.g., ~32 MB for 1,000 branches/tees).

Can Arrow model a turbine?

Not directly; model it with a Heat Exchanger junction by entering the turbine’s pressure drop vs. flow and specifying a heat rate out to capture both the pressure drop and enthalpy reduction.

How does Arrow calculate losses at tees and wyes?

It uses Idelchik-based correlations that account for flow split, area changes, and branch angles to compute pressure losses accurately.

How do I model a relief valve (and choked flow through restrictions)?

Use a Relief Valve junction (normally closed; Arrow opens it when cracking pressure is reached) or a regular Valve if you know it’s open; for choked-flow checks through valves/orifices, enter CdA on the junction’s Optional tab.

How do I create gas mixtures or model dynamic mixing?

Create mixtures using NIST REFPROP or the optional Chempak database (the Standard database doesn’t mix); assign gases/mixtures to sources and Arrow carries composition through the network via species mass conservation.
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Learn more about how Arrow can improve your designs and results.

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